The Schengen Agreement started in 1995. It removed borders between many European countries. People can now travel between these countries without passport checks. Over 400 million citizens and many visitors can move freely for holidays, work, school, or business. For many years, this free travel has shown European unity and helped grow the economy and share cultures.
In 2025, this free travel faces new problems. Some Schengen countries have brought back border checks inside the zone. This means people can’t move as freely as before, at least for now. These countries use rules from Articles 25 and 29 of the Schengen Borders Code. They say the checks are needed for national security, to control illegal migration, or to protect big events. Even though these checks are legal and usually temporary, they still interrupt the easy travel people are used to.
For tourists, students, workers, and business travelers, these changes cause real problems. Border checks, delays, and new travel rules can make even short trips harder. Migrants and refugees may also face tougher checks and find it harder to move around. In 2025, it’s important to know which countries have brought back border controls and how to get ready before traveling in the Schengen Area.
Why Border Checks Are Being Reinstated
Bringing back border checks inside the Schengen Area is allowed in certain situations. Articles 25 and 29 of the Schengen Borders Code let countries do this for a short time if there are serious threats to public safety or national security. These checks must be fair, temporary, and reviewed often.
In 2025, some Schengen countries have used this rule. They brought back border checks for reasons linked to security, politics, and humanitarian issues:
- National security threats: Heightened risks of terrorism or civil unrest often prompt tighter border surveillance. States seek to prevent the movement of individuals who may pose a threat to public safety.
- Irregular migration surges: Sudden increases in undocumented migration strain border infrastructure and reception systems. In response, states introduce internal checks to manage entry and uphold asylum protocols.
- Large-scale events: International events, such as the Olympics, summits, or major protests, require increased oversight. Border controls serve as preventive tools to ensure crowd safety and deter potential disruptions.
- Cross-border crime and geopolitical instability: Illicit trade, human trafficking, and tensions along regional borders contribute to security concerns. Some nations respond by monitoring movements across their internal frontiers more closely.
Country-by-Country Breakdown
Due to new challenges, some Schengen countries have brought back border checks within the zone. Here is a clear summary of what each country has done, why they did it, where it applies, and tips for travelers.
Germany
- Motive: To address irregular migration and disrupt criminal networks involved in illicit trade.
- Duration/Status: Active since September 2024; scheduled to continue until at least September 15, 2025.
- Affected Borders: Land crossings with Poland, Czechia, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and France.
- Traveler Tips: Carry a valid passport or national ID. Anticipate checks at rail stations and road crossings. Allow extra time when traveling by car or train.
France
- Motive: To counter ongoing terrorist threats and secure major public events, including the Olympics.
- Duration/Status: In force from November 1, 2024, to April 30, 2025, with a potential extension.
- Affected Borders: Germany, Belgium, Italy, and Spain; also applies to key airports and train stations.
- Traveler Tips: Be prepared for identity verification at borders and high-security zones. Maintain accessible records of accommodation and return travel.
Netherlands
- Motive: To manage an increase in irregular migration flows and reinforce border integrity.
- Duration/Status: Active from December 9, 2024, through June 8, 2025.
- Affected Borders: Focused on ferry terminals, airports, and international train routes.
- Traveler Tips: Present valid identification when arriving by ferry or rail. Monitor updates from Dutch border authorities.
Austria
- Motive: To regulate migration via the Western Balkans and respond to regional transit pressure.
- Duration/Status: In effect and expected to remain through 2025.
- Affected Borders: Primarily Slovenia, Hungary, and Slovakia.
- Traveler Tips: Expect roadside checks and additional wait times. Carry identification at all times, especially when crossing by vehicle.
Italy
- Motive: To respond to security threats linked to irregular migration landings and safeguard national infrastructure.
- Duration/Status: Ongoing through 2025.
- Affected Borders: Crossings with France, Austria, and Slovenia.
- Traveler Tips: Keep documentation ready during train or road travel. Spot checks may occur along key transport routes.
Slovenia
- Motive: To mitigate regional instability and monitor cross-border movement effectively.
- Duration/Status: Enforced since December 2024.
- Affected Borders: Austria, Croatia, Hungary, and Italy.
- Traveler Tips: Prepare for document checks. When driving or commuting, plan for possible delays at control points.
Denmark
- Motive: To address migration-related challenges and strengthen public security.
- Duration/Status: Continuing through late 2025.
- Affected Borders: Ferry routes and road crossings with Germany and Sweden.
- Traveler Tips: Even short trips may require ID. Carry official documents when traveling by ferry or train.
Sweden
- Motive: To control migration pressures and combat cross-border criminal activity.
- Duration/Status: Ongoing throughout 2025.
- Affected Borders: Connections with Denmark and Norway; includes ports, roads, and airports.
- Traveler Tips: Keep identification accessible at all times. Reviews may occur on public transport and at entry points.
What This Means for Travelers in 2025
Bringing back border checks in parts of the Schengen Area is a big change for travelers used to moving freely in Europe. The Schengen Agreement still supports free movement, but these new checks mean people now need to plan more and stay informed.
Slower Border Crossings and Travel Delays
Travelers should be ready for longer waits at borders, especially during busy times or when traveling by road. Train passengers might have their IDs checked during the trip, and drivers could be stopped for checks on the road. These delays can cause problems for people with tight schedules, like daily commuters or those with connecting buses or flights.
Plan for 30 to 60 additional minutes when crossing borders. Avoid tight itineraries that depend on precise timing. If traveling for business or events, factor in extra transit time.
Mandatory Travel Documents and ID Checks
Unlike in the past, travelers can no longer count on moving freely within the Schengen zone without checks. Border officers now often ask for ID, even on short trips. This applies to travel by plane, train, ferry, or car across borders where checks are back in place.
Always have a valid passport or national ID card with you, no matter how you travel. Make sure your documents are up to date, in good condition, and easy to reach. EU citizens should also carry proof of residence or return travel if asked.
Additional Planning and Research Needed
Travelers need to stay updated on the latest rules for their routes. The length of border checks and where they happen can change by country, often in response to security or migration issues. It’s especially important for those traveling through several countries or attending big events.
Before traveling, check advisories from local authorities, embassies, or the European Commission. Make sure to know if your destination is hosting big events, protests, or is a place with active border checks. Use official apps or travel websites for real-time updates.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is the Schengen Agreement Suspended in 2025?
No, the Schengen Agreement is still in effect. The temporary reintroduction of border checks is permitted under Articles 25 and 29 of the Schengen Borders Code. These checks are targeted and time-bound, not a full suspension of the agreement.
Can I Still Travel Freely Within the Schengen Area in 2025?
Yes, you can still travel between Schengen countries. However, be prepared for ID checks, delays at borders, and additional scrutiny, especially in countries that have reinstated controls due to security, migration, or public event concerns.
What Documents do I Need for Schengen Travel Now?
Carry your passport or national ID (for EU/EEA citizens). Non-EU travelers should also have their visa, proof of accommodation, a return ticket, and financial means if requested.
Conclusion
Travelers should see this change as an adjustment, not a setback. While some border crossings may have extra checks or short delays, free movement is still the goal. By staying informed, travelers can plan, carry the right documents, and follow the changing entry rules.
Keep an eye on official travel updates, allow extra time when crossing affected borders, and stay flexible with your plans. Whether you’re a tourist, student, worker, or migrant, being prepared and aware is crucial. The Schengen system is changing, but its main promise, freedom to move across much of Europe, remains.
